Pixar

Pixar Animation Studios
Type Subsidiary of Disney
(Formerly public as NASDAQ: PIXR)
Industry CGI animation, motion pictures, software
Predecessor Graphics Group (1979-1986)
Founded 1979 (1979) as Graphics Group
1986 (1986) as Pixar
Founder(s) Ed Catmull
Alvy Ray Smith
Headquarters Emeryville, California, U.S.
Key people Ed Catmull, President, Walt Disney Animation Studios & Pixar Animation Studios
John Lasseter, Chief Creative Officer, Walt Disney Animation Studios & Pixar Animation Studios
Jim Morris, General Manager, Pixar Animation Studios
Steve Jobs, former CEO of Pixar Animation Studios and member of the Board of Directors at The Walt Disney Company
Products RenderMan, Marionette
Owner(s) The Walt Disney Company
Website http://www.pixar.com

Pixar Animation Studios is an American CGI animation film studio based in Emeryville, California, United States. As of 2006, Pixar is a subsidiary of The Walt Disney Company. The studio has earned twenty-four Academy Awards, six Golden Globes, and three Grammys, among many other awards, acknowledgments and achievements and has made $5.5 billion worldwide. It is one of the most (according to Rotten Tomatoes[1][2], perhaps the single most) critically acclaimed film studios of all time. It is best known for its CGI-animated feature films which are created with PhotoRealistic RenderMan, its own implementation of the industry-standard Renderman image-rendering API used to generate high-quality images.

Pixar began in 1979 as the Graphics Group, part of the Computer Division of Lucasfilm before it was acquired by Apple co-founder Steve Jobs in 1986. The Walt Disney Company bought Pixar in 2006.

Pixar has produced eleven feature films, beginning with Toy Story in 1995, all of which have met with critical and commercial success. Pixar followed Toy Story with A Bug's Life in 1998, Toy Story 2 in 1999, Monsters, Inc. in 2001, Finding Nemo in 2003, The Incredibles in 2004, Cars in 2006, Ratatouille in 2007, WALL-E in 2008, Up in 2009 (the first Pixar film presented in Disney Digital 3-D), and Toy Story 3 (to date, the highest-grossing animated film of all-time, grossing over $1 billion worldwide), in 2010. Pixar's twelfth film, Cars 2, is scheduled for release on June 24, 2011.

All seven Pixar films released since the inauguration of the Academy Award for Best Animated Feature in 2001 have been nominated for that award, commencing with Monsters, Inc.. Five of the seven have won the award: Finding Nemo, The Incredibles, Ratatouille, WALL-E, and Up. Up is also the first Pixar film and the second animated film in history (the only other being Beauty and the Beast) to be nominated for the Academy Award for Best Picture. Finding Nemo, The Incredibles, Up and Toy Story 3 manage to make the top 50 list of highest-grossing films of all time, with Toy Story 3 making the top 5 at #5, Finding Nemo at #21, Up at #37, and The Incredibles at #49.

On September 6, 2009, executives John Lasseter, Brad Bird, Pete Docter, Andrew Stanton and Lee Unkrich were handed the Golden Lion for Lifetime Achievement by the Biennale Venice Film Festival. The award was presented by Lucasfilm founder George Lucas.

Contents

History

Early history

Pixar's studio lot in Emeryville.

Pixar was founded as the Graphics Group, one third of the Computer Division of Lucasfilm that was launched in 1979 with the hiring of Dr. Ed Catmull from the New York Institute of Technology (NYIT)[3], where he was in charge of the Computer Graphics Lab (CGL). At NYIT, the researchers had pioneered many of the CG techniques that are now taken for granted and worked on an experimental film called The Works. After moving to Lucasfilm, the team worked on creating the precursor to RenderMan, called Motion Doctor, which allowed traditional cel animators to use computer animation with minimal training.[3]

The team began working on filming on film sequences produced by Lucasfilm or worked collectively with Industrial Light & Magic on special effects.[3] After years of research, and key milestones in films such as the Genesis Effect in Star Trek II: The Wrath of Khan and the Stained Glass Knight in Young Sherlock Holmes,[3] the group, which numbered about 45 individuals back then[4], was purchased in 1986 by Steve Jobs shortly after he left Apple Computer.[5] Jobs paid $5 million to George Lucas and put $5 million as capital into the company.[6][7][8] A factor contributing to Lucas' sale was an increase in cash flow difficulties following his 1983 divorce, which coincided with the sudden dropoff in revenues from Star Wars licenses following the release of Return of the Jedi and the disastrous box-office performance of Howard the Duck.[3] The newly independent company was headed by Dr. Edwin Catmull, President, and Dr. Alvy Ray Smith, Executive Vice President and Director. Jobs served as Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of Pixar.[9]

Initially, Pixar was a high-end computer hardware company whose core product was the Pixar Image Computer, a system primarily sold to government agencies and the medical community. One of the buyers of Pixar Image Computers was Disney Studios, which was using the device as part of their secretive CAPS project, using the machine and custom software to migrate the laborious ink and paint part of the 2-D animation process to a more automated and thus efficient method. The Image Computer never sold well.[10] In a bid to drive sales of the system, Pixar employee John Lasseter—who had long been creating short demonstration animations, such as Luxo Jr., to show off the device's capabilities—premiered his creations at SIGGRAPH, the computer graphics industry's largest convention, to great fanfare.[10]

As poor sales of Pixar's computers threatened to put the company out of business, Lasseter's animation department began producing computer-animated commercials for outside companies. Early successes included campaigns for Tropicana, Listerine, and LifeSavers.[11] In April 1990 Jobs sold Pixar's hardware division, including all proprietary hardware technology and imaging software, to Vicom Systems, and transferred 18 of Pixar's around 100 employees. The same year Pixar moved from San Rafael to Richmond, California[12]. During this period, Pixar continued its relationship with Walt Disney Feature Animation, a studio whose corporate parent would ultimately become its most important partner. In 1991, after a tough start of the year when about 30 employees in the company's computer department had to go (including the company's president, Chuck Kolstad)[13], Pixar made a $26 million deal with Disney to produce three computer-animated feature films, the first of which was Toy Story. At that point, the software programmers, who were doing RenderMan and CAPS, and Lasseter’s animation department, who made television commercials and a few shorts for Sesame Street, was all that was left of Pixar[14]. Despite the total income of these products, the company was still losing money, and Jobs often considered selling it, even as late as in late 1994 he contemplated to sell Pixar to other companies, among them Microsoft. Only after confirming that Disney would distribute Toy Story for the 1995 holiday season did he decide to give it another chance.[15] The film went on to gross more than $350 million worldwide.[16] Later that year, Pixar held its initial public offering on November 29, 1995, and the company's stock was priced at US$22 per share.[17]

Disney

Pixar and Disney had disagreements after the production of Toy Story 2. Originally intended as a straight-to-video release (and thus not part of Pixar's three-picture deal), the film was eventually upgraded to a theatrical release during production. Pixar demanded that the film then be counted toward the three-picture agreement, but Disney refused.[18] Pixar's first five feature films have collectively grossed more than $2.5 billion, equivalent to the highest per-film average gross in the industry. Though profitable for both, Pixar later complained that the arrangement was not equitable. Pixar was responsible for creation and production, while Disney handled marketing and distribution. Profits and production costs were split 50-50, but Disney exclusively owned all story and sequel rights and also collected a distribution fee. The lack of story and sequel rights was perhaps the most onerous aspect to Pixar and set the stage for a contentious relationship.[19]

The two companies attempted to reach a new agreement in early 2004. The new deal would be only for distribution, as Pixar intended to control production and own the resulting film properties themselves. The company also wanted to finance their films on their own and collect 100 percent of the profits, paying Disney only the 10 to 15 percent distribution fee.[20] More importantly, as part of any distribution agreement with Disney, Pixar demanded control over films already in production under their old agreement, including The Incredibles and Cars. Disney considered these conditions unacceptable, but Pixar would not concede.[20]

Disagreements between Steve Jobs and then Disney Chairman and CEO Michael Eisner made the negotiations more difficult than they otherwise might have been. They broke down completely in mid-2004, with Jobs declaring that Pixar was actively seeking partners other than Disney.[21] Pixar did not enter negotiations with other distributors. After a lengthy hiatus, negotiations between the two companies resumed following the departure of Eisner from Disney in September 2005. In preparation for potential fallout between Pixar and Disney, Jobs announced in late 2004 that Pixar would no longer release movies at the Disney-dictated November time frame, but during the more lucrative early summer months. This would also allow Pixar to release DVDs for their major releases during the Christmas shopping season. An added benefit of delaying Cars was to extend the time frame remaining on the Pixar-Disney contract to see how things would play out between the two companies.[22]

Pending the Disney acquisition of Pixar, the two companies created a distribution deal for the intended 2007 release of Ratatouille, in case the acquisition fell through, to ensure that this one film would still be released through Disney's distribution channels. (In contrast to the earlier Disney/Pixar deal Ratatouille was to remain a Pixar property and Disney would have received only a distribution fee.) The completion of Disney's Pixar acquisition, however, nullified this distribution arrangement.[23]

Acquisition by Disney

Disney announced on January 24, 2006 that it had agreed to buy Pixar for approximately $7.4 billion in an all-stock deal.[24] Following Pixar shareholder approval, the acquisition was completed May 5, 2006. The transaction catapulted Steve Jobs, who was the majority shareholder of Pixar with 50.1%, to Disney's largest individual shareholder with 7% and a new seat on its board of directors.[25] Jobs' new Disney holdings exceed holdings belonging to ex-CEO Michael Eisner, the previous top shareholder, who still held 1.7%; and Disney Director Emeritus Roy E. Disney, who held almost 1% of the corporation's shares.

As part of the deal, Pixar co-founder John Lasseter, by then Executive Vice President, became Chief Creative Officer (reporting to President and CEO Robert Iger and consulting with Disney Director Roy Disney) of both Pixar and the Walt Disney Animation Studios, as well as the Principal Creative Adviser at Walt Disney Imagineering, which designs and builds the company's theme parks.[25] Catmull retained his position as President of Pixar, while also becoming President of Walt Disney Animation Studios, reporting to Bob Iger and Dick Cook, chairman of Walt Disney Studio Entertainment. Steve Jobs' position as Pixar's Chairman and Chief Executive Officer was also removed, and instead he took a place on the Disney board of directors.[26]

Lasseter and Catmull's oversight of both the Disney and Pixar studios did not mean that the two studios were merging, however. In fact, additional conditions were laid out as part of the deal to ensure that Pixar remained a separate entity, a concern that analysts had expressed about the Disney deal.[27] Some of those conditions were that Pixar HR policies would remain intact, including the lack of employment contracts. Also, the Pixar name was guaranteed to continue, and the studio would remain in its current Emeryville, California location with the "Pixar" sign. Finally, branding of films made post-merger would be "Disney•Pixar" (beginning with Cars).[28]

Jim Morris, producer of WALL-E, has been named general manager of Pixar. In this new position, Morris is in charge of the day-to-day running of the studio facilities and products.[29]

Expansion

On April 20, 2010, Pixar Animation Studios opened a new studio in the downtown area of Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, named the Glenn McQueen Pixar Animation Center, after Canadian-born Pixar animator Glenn McQueen who died in 2002 (Finding Nemo was dedicated to him).[30] The studio, around 2,000 square meters, is primarily producing shorts and TV-specials based on characters from Pixar's feature films.

Feature films and shorts

Traditions

While some of Pixar's first animators were former cel animators, including John Lasseter, they also came from stop motion animation or computer animation or had recently graduated from college.[3] A large number of animators that make up the animation department at Pixar were hired around the time Pixar released A Bug's Life and Toy Story 2. Although Toy Story was a successful film, it was Pixar's only feature film at the time. The majority of the animation industry was, and is still located in Los Angeles, California, while Pixar is located 350 miles (560 km) north in the San Francisco Bay Area. Also, traditional 2-D animation was still the dominant medium for feature animated films. Not many Los Angeles-based animators were willing to move their families so far north, give up traditional animation, and try computer animation. Partly because of this, animators hired at Pixar around this time either came directly from college, or had worked outside feature animation. For those who had traditional animation skills, the Pixar animation software (Marionette) is designed so that traditional animators would require a minimum of training before becoming productive.[3]

In an interview with PBS talk show host Tavis Smiley,[31] John Lasseter said that Pixar films follow the same theme of self improvement as the company itself has: with the help of friends or family, a character ventures out into the real world and learns to appreciate his friends and family. At the core, Lasseter said, "it's gotta be about the growth of the main character, and how he changes."[31]

Pixar has been criticized for its lack of female protagonists. Brave, Pixar's thirteenth theatrical release, will be the studio's first movie with a female lead (voiced by Reese Witherspoon), and despite the variety of characters in their other films, she will be a Disney Princess.[32]

Sequels

Toy Story 2 was commissioned by Disney as a direct-to-video, 60-minute film. When Disney executives saw how impressive the work-in-progress imagery for the sequel was, they decided it should be reworked as a theatrical release. The resulting change in status of Toy Story 2 was one of the major causes of the disagreement between the two companies that nearly led to a split. Toy Story 3 was the second theatrical sequel when it was released on June 18, 2010. Cars 2, the studio's third theatrical sequel, is scheduled for release summer 2011.

Pixar is not against sequels, but believe that they should only be made if they can come up with a story as good as the original. Following the release of Toy Story 2, Pixar and Disney had a gentlemen's agreement that Disney would not make any sequels without Pixar's involvement, despite their right to do so. In 2004, after Pixar announced their unsuccessful attempt to make a new deal, Disney announced that they would go ahead with sequels to Pixar's films with or without Pixar, although they stated they would prefer Pixar to agree to work on them. Toy Story 3 was put into pre-production at the new CGI division of Walt Disney Feature Animation, Circle 7 Animation.

When Lasseter was placed in charge of all Disney and Pixar animation following the merger, he stated that all sequels were immediately to be put on hold, with Disney going so far as to actually state that Toy Story 3 had been cancelled. However, in May 2006, it was announced that Toy Story 3 was back in pre-production, now under Pixar's control.

Lasseter further fueled speculation on future sequels when he stated, "If we have a great story, we'll do a sequel".[33] Cars 2, Pixar's first sequel not based on Toy Story, was officially announced on April 8, 2008. Monsters, Inc. 2 was announced on April 22, 2010, for release on November 2, 2012.[34]

Expansion to television

Toy Story was the first Pixar film to be extended into television, with the Buzz Lightyear of Star Command film and TV series. Cars was expanded to television via Cars Toons, a series of shorts (three to five minutes) running between regular Disney Channel shows and featuring Mater (the tow truck voiced by comedian Larry the Cable Guy).[35]

Animation and live-action

All Pixar films to date have been computer-animated features (WALL-E has so far been the only Pixar film to not be completely animated, featuring a small live-action element). 1906, the live action film by Brad Bird about the 1906 San Francisco earthquake is currently in development. Bird has stated that he was "interested in moving into the live action realm with some projects" while "staying at Pixar [because] it's a very comfortable environment for me to work in."

Unfinished projects

Newt was a film project announced by Pixar in 2008 that was supposed to be distributed by Walt Disney Pictures in 2012.[36] The film was to focus on the last two blue-footed newts in existence; they are destined to mate to save their species from extinction, but circumstances make the situation more complicated. Writer and director Gary Rydstrom explained, "Newt is smart but he's never had to think for himself and is pampered. Brooke on the other hand is streetwise and not to be messed with. It’s fair to say it’s about as bad as first dates can get!"[37]

When Newt was first announced in April 2008, the film was planned to be released in June 2012, to be followed by the fantasy film The Bear and the Bow.[36] Two years later, Disney/Pixar announced that, instead, The Bear and the Bow would be released first, under the new name Brave, with a sequel to the 2001 Pixar feature Monsters, Inc. following later that year.[38] At the April 2010 announcement, Disney/Pixar did not provide an updated release date for Newt. Additionally, the film was removed from the official Disney A to Z Encyclopedia supplement by chief archivist Dave Smith.[39] An unsigned message received from Smith's email address stated "The film has been cancelled".[40] This message, along with comments from other industry insiders, led to the speculation that the film had indeed been cancelled.[41][42] Disney/Pixar animation head John Lasseter "declined to comment," but a separate source from within the studio stated that "We have taken Newt off of our development schedule to allow our creative teams to focus on these upcoming projects", those projects being Cars 2, Brave, and Monsters, Inc. 2.[43] Pixar's Facebook page confirmed the cancellation in September 2010 by showing the production artwork.[44]

Pixar: 20 years of animation

Since December 2005, Pixar has held exhibitions celebrating the art and artists of Pixar, over their first twenty years in animation.[45]

Pixar held one such exhibition, from April to June 2010, at Science Centre Singapore, in Jurong East, Singapore.[46] It was their first time holding an exhibition in Singapore.

The exhibition highlights consist of work-in-progress sketches from various Pixar productions, clay sculptures of their characters, and an autostereoscopic short showcasing a 3D version of the exhibition pieces which is projected through 4 projectors. Another highlight is the Zoetrope, where visitors of the exhibition are shown figurines of Toy Story characters "animated" in real-life through the zoetrope.[46]

Pixar will be celebrating 25 years of animation in 2011, the same time its upcoming film, Cars 2, is released.

See also


References

  1. ↑ http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/toy_story_3/news/1888964/total_recall_the_pixar_story
  2. ↑ http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/toy_story_3/news/1889418/critics_consensus_toy_story_3_is_certified_fresh
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 Hormby, Thomas (2007-01-22). "The Pixar Story: Fallon Forbes, Dick Shoup, Alex Schure, George Lucas and Disney". Low End Mac. http://lowendmac.com/orchard/06/pixar-story-lucas-disney.html. Retrieved 2007-03-01. 
  4. ↑ The Toy Story Story
  5. ↑ Hertzfeld, Andy. "The End Of An Era". Folklore.org. http://www.folklore.org/StoryView.py?project=Macintosh&story=The_End_Of_An_Era.txt. 
  6. ↑ "Pixar History". Pixar. http://www.pixar.com/companyinfo/history/index.html. Retrieved 2008-04-11. 
  7. ↑ Lee, Ellen (January 29, 2006). "The dynamic duo behind Pixar's big success / Lasseter and Catmull driving force behind studios' blockbusters". The San Francisco Chronicle. http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/chronicle/archive/2006/01/29/BUG8RGTL2L1.DTL&type=business. 
  8. ↑ Take Our Word For It, page two, Words to the Wise
  9. ↑ "Advertisement Misunderstood Masterpieces: Howard the Duck". 411mania. http://www.411mania.com/movies/columns/53184/Misunderstood-Masterpieces:-Howard-the-Duck.htm. Retrieved 2008-04-22. 
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 "Pixar Animation Studios". Ohio State University. http://design.osu.edu/carlson/history/tree/pixar.html. Retrieved 2008-04-22. 
  11. ↑ "Toy Stories and Other Tales". University of Saskatchewan. http://www.usask.ca/alumni/alumnisite/publications/green_white/issues/winter2007/cover_story.php. Retrieved 2008-04-22. 
  12. ↑ Pixar Animation Studios -- Company History
  13. ↑ History of Computer Graphics: 1990-99
  14. ↑ all about Steve Jobs - Long Bio (6/11)
  15. ↑ Schlender, Brent (September 18, 1995). "Steve Jobs' Amazing Movie Adventure Disney Is Betting On computerdom's Ex-boy Wonder To Deliver This Year's Animated Christmas Blockbuster. Can He Do For Hollywood What He Did For Silicon Valley?". CNNMoney. http://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/fortune_archive/1995/09/18/206099/index.htm. Retrieved 1995-09-18. Nevius, C.W. (August 24, 2005). "Pixar tells story behind 'Toy Story'". San Francisco Chronicle. http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2005/08/23/BAGDKEBPAB1.DTL. Retrieved 2008-04-22. 
  16. ↑ "Toy Story". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved June 10, 2010.
  17. ↑ "Company FAQ's". Pixar. Retrieved June 10, 2010.
  18. ↑ Hartl, John (July 31, 2000). "Sequels to `Toy Story,' `Tail,' `Dragonheart' go straight to video.". The Seattle Times. http://www.accessmylibrary.com/coms2/summary_0286-7277295_ITM. Retrieved 2008-04-22. 
  19. ↑ "Disney trying to patch things up with Pixar". Movies Online. http://www.moviesonline.ca/movienews_504.html. Retrieved 2008-04-22. 
  20. ↑ 20.0 20.1 "Pixar dumps Disney". CNN. January 29, 2004. http://money.cnn.com/2004/01/29/news/companies/pixar_disney/. Retrieved 2008-04-22. 
  21. ↑ "Pixar Says 'So Long' to Disney". Wired. http://www.wired.com/techbiz/media/news/2004/01/62104. Retrieved 2008-04-22. 
  22. ↑ Grover, Ronald (2004-12-09). "Steve Jobs's Sharp Turn with Cars". Business Week. http://www.businessweek.com/bwdaily/dnflash/dec2004/nf2004129_4222_db035.htm. Retrieved 2007-02-23. 
  23. ↑ "Pixar Perfectionists Cook Up 'Ratatouille' As Latest Animated Concoction". Star Pulse. http://www.starpulse.com/news/index.php/2007/06/26/pixar_perfectionists_cook_up_ratatouille/. Retrieved 2008-04-22. 
  24. ↑ La Monica, Paul R. (January 24, 2006). "Disney buys Pixar". CNN. http://money.cnn.com/2006/01/24/news/companies/disney_pixar_deal/. 
  25. ↑ 25.0 25.1 Holson, Laura M. (January 25, 2006). "Disney Agrees to Acquire Pixar in a $7.4 Billion Deal". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2006/01/25/business/25disney.html?_r=1&oref=slogin. Retrieved 2008-04-22. 
  26. ↑ La Monica, Paul R. (January 24, 2006). "Disney buys Pixar". CNN. http://money.cnn.com/2006/01/24/news/companies/disney_pixar_deal/. Retrieved 2008-04-22. 
  27. ↑ "Agreement and Plan of Merger by and among The Walt Disney Company, Lux Acquisition Corp. and Pixar". Securities and Exchange Commission. 2006-01-24. http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1001039/000119312506012082/dex21.htm. Retrieved 2007-04-25. 
  28. ↑ Bunk, Matthew (January 21, 2006). "Sale unlikely to change Pixar culture". Inside Bay Area. http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=OKTB&p_theme=oktb&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=10F4A5FB9BD5E290&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D&s_trackval=GooglePM. Retrieved 2008-04-22. 
  29. ↑ Graser, Marc (September 10, 2008). "Morris and Millstein named manager of Disney studios". Variety. http://www.variety.com/article/VR1117991985.html?categoryid=13&cs=1. Retrieved 2008-09-10. 
  30. ↑ "Pixar Canada sets up home base in Vancouver, looks to expand". The Vancouver Sun. http://www.vancouversun.com/entertainment/movie-guide/Pixar+Canada+sets+home+base+Vancouver+looks+expand/2927398/story.html. Retrieved 2010-04-20. 
  31. ↑ 31.0 31.1 Smiley, Tavis (2007-01-24). "Tavis Smiley". PBS. http://www.pbs.org/kcet/tavissmiley/archive/200701/20070124_transcript.html#2. Retrieved 2007-03-01. 
  32. ↑ Holmes, Linda. "Dear Pixar, From All The Girls With Band-Aids On Their Knees". National Public Radio. http://www.npr.org/blogs/monkeysee/2009/06/dear_pixar_from_all_the_girls.html?sc=fb&cc=fp. Retrieved 2009-12-19. 
  33. ↑ Douglas, Edwards (2006-06-03). "Pixar Mastermind John Lasseter". comingsoon.net. http://www.comingsoon.net/news/movienews.php?id=14741. Retrieved 2007-03-01. 
  34. ↑ "Disney announce Monsters Inc sequel". BBC News. 23 April 2010. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/8639142.stm. Retrieved 23 April 2010. 
  35. ↑ "Cars Toons Coming In October To Disney Channel". AnimationWorldNetwork. 2008-09-26. http://news.awn.com/index.php?ltype=top&newsitem_no=24887. Retrieved 2008-12-04. 
  36. ↑ 36.0 36.1 "The Walt Disney Studios Rolls Out Slate of 10 New Animated Motion Pictures Through 2012". Walt Disney Company, via PRNewswire. 2008-04-08. http://www.prnewswire.com/cgi-bin/stories.pl?ACCT=104&STORY=/www/story/04-08-2008/0004789174. Retrieved 2008-04-08. 
  37. ↑ Olly Richards (2008-04-09). "Cars 2 & A Ton More 'Toons". Empire. http://www.empireonline.com/news/story.asp?NID=22336. Retrieved 2008-04-09. 
  38. ↑ Peter Sciretta (2010-04-22). "Pixar to Release Monsters Inc Sequel and Brave in 2012". /Film.com. http://www.slashfilm.com/2010/04/22/pixar-to-release-monsters-inc-sequel-and-brave-in-2012/. Retrieved 2010-04-23. 
  39. ↑ David Smith (2010-05-11). "Disney A to Z: The Official Encyclopedia". http://adisney.go.com/vault/supplement.pdf. Retrieved 2010-06-04. 
  40. ↑ Mike Bastoli (2010-05-11). "Exclusive: Newt is Cancelled". PixarBlog. http://pixarblog.blogspot.com/2010/05/exclusive-newt-is-cancelled.html. Retrieved 2010-06-04. 
  41. ↑ Gary North (2010-05-12). "Pixar's 'Newt' officially canceled?". Hollywood Wiretap. http://www.hollywoodwiretap.com/?module=news&action=story&id=48162. Retrieved 2010-06-04. 
  42. ↑ Peter Sciretta (May 12, 2010). "Pixar’s Newt Officially Canceled". /Film. http://www.slashfilm.com/2010/05/12/pixars-newt-officially-canceled/. Retrieved May 10, 2010. 
  43. ↑ Kate Ward (2010-05-13). "Disney/Pixar source says 'Newt' off development schedule". Entertainment Weekly. http://popwatch.ew.com/2010/05/13/newt-canceled/. Retrieved 2010-06-04. 
  44. ↑ "Artwork from "Newt"". 2010-09-03. http://www.facebook.com/album.php?aid=206933&id=35245929077. 
  45. ↑ "Pixar: 20 Years of Animation". Pixar. http://www.pixar.com/companyinfo/about_us/exhibitions.html. Retrieved 28 June 2010. 
  46. ↑ 46.0 46.1 Eng Eng, Wang (April 1, 2010). "Pixar animation comes to life at Science Centre exhibition". MediaCorp Channel NewsAsia. http://www.channelnewsasia.com/stories/singaporelocalnews/view/1047310/1/.html. Retrieved 28 June 2010. 

External links

Pixar Animation Studios
Feature films
Toy Story (1995) · A Bug's Life (1998) · Toy Story 2 (1999) · Monsters, Inc. (2001) · Finding Nemo (2003) · The Incredibles (2004) · Cars (2006) · Ratatouille (2007) · WALL-E (2008) · Up (2009) · Toy Story 3 (2010) · Cars 2 (2011) · Brave (2012)
Shorts
Original
Luxo Jr. (1986) · Red's Dream (1987) · Tin Toy (1988) · Knick Knack (1989) · Geri's Game (1997) · For the Birds (2000) · Boundin' (2003) · One Man Band (2005) · Lifted (2006) · Presto (2008) · Partly Cloudy (2009) · Day & Night (2010)
Film-based
Mike's New Car (2002) · Jack-Jack Attack (2005) · Mater and the Ghostlight (2006) · Your Friend the Rat (2007) · BURN-E (2008) · Cars Toons (2008–present) · Dug's Special Mission (2009)
Associated
productions
The Adventures of André and Wally B. (1984) · John Carter of Mars (2012) · 1906 (2012)
Compilations
Tiny Toy Stories (1996) · Pixar Short Films Collection – Volume 1 (2007)
Documentaries
The Pixar Story (2007) · To Infinity and Beyond!: The Story of Pixar Animation Studios (2007)
Products
Pixar Image Computer · RenderMan · Marionette
People
John Lasseter · Edwin Catmull · Steve Jobs · Alvy Ray Smith · Jim Morris · Pete Docter · Andrew Stanton · Brad Bird · Lee Unkrich · Gary Rydstrom · Brenda Chapman · Brad Lewis · Bob Peterson · Joe Ranft · Mark Andrews
See also
List of Pixar characters · List of Pixar awards and nominations (feature films · shorts)  · List of Pixar film references
Disney Consumer Products
Disney Publishing
Worldwide
Disney Press · Disney Hyperion · Miramax Books (defunct)
Franchises
Baby Einstein · Disney Channel & Disney XD · Donald Duck · Disney Fairies · Disney Interactive Studios · Marvel Comics · Mickey Mouse · The Muppets · Pirates of the Caribbean · Pixar · Disney Princess · Tron · Disney Villains · Winnie the Pooh
Other
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